How Is the Current Recession Acting Like Free Essays

How is the Current Recession Acting like/in contrast to the Great Depression Nowadays, the economy of the world dives into an ungainly circumstance. The whole world meets a worldwide monetary emergency or downturn, particularly in the United States. After World War , this downturn is the greatest downturn for the America. We will compose a custom paper test on How Is the Current Recession Acting Like or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now The greater part of individuals express stressed over this downturn; totally they review the memory about the Great Depression which was the most gigantic financial emergency in the American history. They are on edge since it appears as though the United States is experiencing another Great Depression or will experience another Great Depression. From the history, everybody knows how genuine the outcome came out from the Great Depression; it confused human beings’ improvement. Nobody needs to witness another Great Depression once more. Be that as it may, there are adequate motivations to help open individuals to stress over the Great Depression will happen once more, since present downturn and the Great Depression, them two have some comparable attributes. In the mean time, them two have a lot of not at all like focuses additionally can demonstrate the Great Depression won't occur once more. In this paper, I will investigate the current downturn and the Great Depression, I will demonstrate the current downturn causes the impacts will significantly less than the Great Depression, and the Great Depression won't replay. Back to 1929~1933, on October 29 1929, the â€Å"Black Tuesday† went to the United States. On this day, American money related world slammed, the stock’s value tumbled through and through, fell 40 rates from 383, likewise the Dow Jones stock list fell 22 percentages(Baidu, 2009). From this date to November thirteenth 1929, there was thirty billion vanished in the market, this number equivalent to the absolute costs of World War?. In any case, the accident of the financial exchange was only the start of an awful monetary emergency. Indeed, even through the Great Depression started at the breakdown of the securities exchange; numerous specialists despite everything thought the impact from the breakdown of the financial exchange was constrained, on the grounds that stock was only a little piece of family’s property, it can't influence Marginal Propensity to Consume(MPC) without question. Be that as it may, the â€Å"Black Tuesday† was simply the start of the horrendous issue, was only small scale of the Great Depression. The Great Depression caused a lot of very genuine social issue, for instance, there were around 2 million to 4 million understudies needed to drop their school. Indeed, even a few people couldn't experience the ill effects of attitude and physiology then self destruction. The most critical issue was that 8. 3 million individuals lose their employment; the joblessness rate arrived at such an elevated level which was 25%(Xu, 2009). Nearly in each city, the needy individuals who were in line at the food bank as long concerning a few squares. Before the finish of 1932, absolutely, there were around 2 million individuals wandered in the lanes, there were no home for them. In September 1932, magazine Fortune evaluated that 34 million individuals had no pay; this populace was 28% of the entire populace of the United States. Also, at any rate 15 million individuals were searching for a vocation, yet there was no bid for employment to them around then (Baidu, 2009). Change the view to the economy. Toward the starting year of the Great Depression, since the economy became shortcoming, it was difficult for bank to get back of their credit, and the open individuals were on edge so they went to the bank to pull back their store. Along these lines, around then half was shut. The legislature took traditionalist measure, diminished the cash flexibly so an ever increasing number of banks must be shut. Thusly, 9000 banks had just shut and 130 thousands endeavors went to bankrupt. The absolute yield of industry and country pay (NI) diminished half, the exchange cost of products decreased 33% and product exchange likewise cut 66% (Techcn, 2009). In 1920s, the people’s certainty of the forward economy was communicated in the financial exchange. From 1921 to 1929, Dow Jones Indexes expanded from 75 to 363, normal development rate (AVGR) was 21. 8% which was a staggering number (Su, 2009). Under this prosperous circumstance hided plausibility which can cause the Great Depression. Toward the start of 1929, the securities exchange of United States of America was insane, the cost of stock raised occasions by times. As I referenced previously, as opposed to state dark one day, I might want to state dark week or dark month. On October 24th 1929, the market of New York trade out of nowhere got an accident, the speed of falling stock cost too fast to even consider catching up by the ticker. Despite the fact that some consortiums and the president came out to attempt to spare the market, it didn't work. On October 28th and 29th 1929, Dow Jones Indexes fell 38. 33, 13. 47% and on Tuesday fell 11. 73% (Black Tueday, 2002). During this brief week, American individuals lose 10 billion dollars in stock trade. Time went to the center of November 1929, the stock’s cost in New York Exchanges fell 40%, lose 26 billion dollars. A great many open individuals lose their entire life’s cash. During the Great Depression, the stock cost of US steel tumbled from $262 to $22, and the stock cost of GM tumbled from $73 to $8 (Techen, 2009). Total national output (GDP) fell 25% during 1929-1933, and Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) of 1933 diminished 24. 6% contrasted with 1929 (Hexun,2009). â€Å"In financial matters, a downturn is a general log jam in monetary movement over a significant stretch of time, or a business cycle constriction. During downturns, numerous macroeconomic pointers change along these lines. Creation as estimated by Gross Domestic Product (GDP), work, venture spending, limit use, family livelihoods, business benefits and expansion all fall during downturns; liquidations and the joblessness rate increases. †(Wikipedia, 2009). This is the meaning of the downturn. Contrasted with the Great Depression, we can make sense of certain similitudes. For instance, GDP, work, and putting spending fall in the current downturn or the Great Depression. In current downturn, GDP fall 2%, joblessness rate is 8. 1%, and Dow Jones Indexes decline 52 % (Xu, 2009). From these information, we realize that in current downturn for the general public, numerous individuals lose their positions, numerous ventures go to bankrupt just as certain banks. For the securities exchange, the Dow Jones Indexes can disclose to us that the financial exchange don't in a decent circumstance. For the entire nation, GDP fall with the goal that American economy gets into downturn. Be that as it may, on the off chance that we investigate these numbers, we can see these numbers are unique in relation to the Great Depression. As I referenced, during the Great Depression, GDP fell 25%, joblessness rate was 25%, and Dow Jones Indexes fell 89%. These numbers in current misery are a lot littler than the Great Depression; accordingly, these numbers demonstrate that the current downturn impact will substantially less than the Great Depression. Reason of the current downturn and the Great Depression is extraordinary. The current downturn is brought about by the subprime contract emergency. â€Å"The subprime contract emergency is a continuous land emergency and budgetary emergency activated by an emotional ascent in contract misconducts and dispossessions in the United States, with major unfavorable ramifications for banks and money related markets the world over. The emergency, hich has its foundations in the end long stretches of the twentieth century, got clear in 2007 and has uncovered unavoidable shortcomings in money related industry guideline and the worldwide budgetary system† (Wikipedia, 2009). The subprime contract emergency happened as a result of good risk. From our course book we comprehend that the hazard that one gathering to an exchange takes activities that hurt another gathering called moral peril. About the explanation of the Great Depression, it appears the stock market’s crash lead to the horrendous issue, yet the genuine explanation is the uneven or undesirable improvement of the economy. The systems from the administration to manage these two issues are extraordinary. During the Great Depression, the Federal Reserve didn't get the correct procedure to manage the market less liquidity, then again, the current U. S. government decline the premium, make some new methodologies to initiate the market, likewise attempt their best to spare the economy. Additionally, the current government takes out 700 billion dollars to spare banks and insurance agencies. Absolutely, government intend to utilize 787 billion dollars to invigorate the economy and increment 3. 5 million odds of utilizing (Xu, 2009). Therefore, the Great Depression won't replay. In any case, even we can foresee the current recession’s impact will not exactly the Great Depression, we likewise need give enough consideration to the current downturn. Actually, the whole world’s economy is certifiably not a decent condition, what we have to do isn't only the spare the economy yet in addition forestall the downturn happen over and over. Step by step instructions to refer to How Is the Current Recession Acting Like, Essay models

ECONOMICS 3400 QUIZ 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial matters 3400 QUIZ 1 - Essay Example Bhagwati additionally says that the reasonable exchange that Obama foments for influence unhindered commerce understandings. On the off chance that Obama needs to secure multilateralism and facilitated commerce in a commanding way, he needs able guides that will see and reprimand the requests related with organized commerce and which adds up to protectionism (Bhagwati). In addition, his counsels ought to likewise excuse association fears that exchanging with poor nations hurts the laborers compensation. Accordingly, Bhagwati confirms that unhindered commerce isn't a country’s intrigue. His contentions delineates that exchange progression will in general uncover disconnected ventures and free enterprise related with them lastly causing them to evaporate. Be that as it may, this methodology doesn't result to development. Additionally, it will result to rise of new divisions that make present day sends out. This will thus move a nation towards similar favorable position. Bhagwati promotes presents his contention that organized commerce ought not be corresponding for it to be invaluable. He contends that the nation will in general destruct its exchange obstructions in the wake of being offered common decreases. Additionally, he contends that exchange progression has a limit of debilitating what a nation is equipped for offering in trading to achieve satisfactory access to outside

How to Research Using Social Issue Questions

How to Research Using Social Issue QuestionsThe key to great research is the proper use of social issue questions. Social issues are key to understanding how different people perceive and react to a situation. If you use social issues questions, you can create the perfect research study for any question. They help you learn a lot about the attitudes and thoughts of your audience.You can use issue questions to find out about the thinking and feelings of your audience. By asking them questions that reflect their position, you can gather information you cannot obtain through other methods. Using different types of questions, you can uncover and discover their emotions. It is possible to find out their view on what they consider 'important'not important' by learning about their perceptions and attitudes.Answers vary depending on the situation. If you use the same issues question throughout the situation, it will make it difficult to get an accurate reflection of the situation. You should also ask each group of questions in a different way. Use a study guide to help you follow the same issue.A good social issue guide should include prompts and activities to help you learn about the topic's implications and reactions. It will help you find out about the emotional states of the audience when you use different techniques.When looking at long-term solutions, you should examine the assumptions that the audience has about long-term challenges and problems. Are they right? Or do they see it as an inevitable fact of life?Questions can also help you learn about how you may have made a mistake in your decision. When you use good questions, it will help you find out what went wrong. Knowing this will help you avoid this situation in the future. Knowing why you made the mistake can help you avoid doing it again. How the group perceives and reacts to the current situation depends on their responses to the social issue questions. People will change their perspectives depending on their experience. However, the environment can influence the way people respond to a situation. In situations that are generally similar, the questions should be similar to those used in the initial situation.Questions can also be used to evaluate your experience in a particular situation. Knowing what your study guide tells you will help you improve your writing and communication skills. By understanding your audience's expectations, you can now determine how you can better address your audience's needs.

The Cause And Effect Of The Teen Suicide Essay - 1334 Words

Teen suicide is a big problem all around the world, and we try to prevent it by offering help, and medications for whatever these teens are going through. What you may or may not know is that although we do offer help, these teens who are suicidal face negative criticism which sometimes pushes them to do something drastic. What I would like to accomplish with my paper would be to give my audience, not only a better understanding of some of the causes and effects of being suicidal, but also explain why people might criticize those who are suicidal, and the effects it has. I want my audience to be more aware so that if a member of my audience happens to be one of those who criticizes others for being suicidal, well, maybe I could change your mind. So first, let me tell you some of the possible causes for teens being suicidal. There are plenty of other reasons a teen might feel suicidal but these are some that I could think of. So because of where we live, and drugs being a growing prob lem here, I thought I’d focus a little on the living environment, focus also on another environment that the teen might encounter, and lastly on the mental health perspective. Some teens live in a really bad environment and what I mean by that is that some teens have parents who do or sell drugs. That can really make teens depressed, to see their parents do drugs, and destroy themselves, and the family, I’m sure it can be pretty devastating. I’m sure you’ve all heard of how drug addicts canShow MoreRelatedTeen Suicide : Causes And Effects2454 Words   |  10 Pages Teen Suicide is a big problem around the world where it is causing Teens/Kids to kill themselves or harm themselves in some type of way. Don’t you ever just wonder why they wanna kill themselves ? or like how their Parents or closest Friends would react if they found out there Daughter/Son or Friend is found lifeless in their own house and there only at the age of 12 - 19 ? There are so many questions that everybody wants to get answered from the Teen that decides to take there own life . Over theRead MoreEssay on Causes and Effects of Teen Suicide599 Words   |  3 Pagesbetween the ages 15-25 years tries to kill themselves every year; 5000 succeed. The most common causes? Stress, bullying, failed relationships, abuse, and failures at studies. Teenage suicide is wrong, it indicates how ruthless today’s society is, and it proves that sometimes, teenagers feel like they can’t be understood or accepted, that they don’t have an adult or close friend to consult to. Teenage suicide is truly sad, to even think that someone feels the absolute need to end their life because thereRead MoreEssay about Teen Suicide916 Words   |  4 Pagesproblems on a daily basis. When they are unable to deal with those daily hassles, serious problems can develop within the teen that can ultimately lead to resulting effects including depression or even suicide. Suicide in teens is one of the most traumatic and problematic issues that we face today in not only adults but many adolescents as well. Today suicide is one of the top causes for death in teenagers, out shadowed only by homicides and accidents. Some of the top â€Å"accidents† include drug overdosesRead MoreInformative Speech - Teen Suicide Essay854 Words    |  4 PagesInformative speech; teen suicide. General Purpose: To inform. Specific Purpose: Today I will be discussing the topic of teen suicide. Central Idea: Teen suicide is a growing health concern in the US as it is the third leading cause of death among young people [Linn-Gust, 2001]. Thesis: In order to better understand teen suicide, it is important to explore the causes of teen suicide, what are the symptoms and/or signs, and what can be done to prevent teen suicide. OrganizationalRead MorePreveting Teen Suicide823 Words   |  3 Pageseverything goes black. Suicide is the third cause of death in teens. It takes about 35,000 lives each year, almost 11 million people have tried to take their lives. Suicide can be triggered by many things, this action has many effects but can be solved with some simple steps. Suicide can be triggered by many actions. To start off with , suicide can be caused by many different feelings. Feelings of guilt, shame, anger, rejection or loss can cause suicide. According to D’Arcy LynessRead MoreJosee Young . Eng Iv B 1St Hr. May 19, 2017. Suicide1564 Words   |  7 Pages Eng IV B 1st hr May 19, 2017 Suicide One of the questions sociologists have attempted to answer is. â€Å" What drives people to commit suicide? Most teens who have been interviewed after a suicide attempt say that what causes teen suicide are feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Suicide is when a person end his or her own life. Studies show that at least 90% of teens who kill themselves have some type of mental health problem, such as depressionRead MoreThe Problem Of Teen Suicide1609 Words   |  7 PagesTeen suicide is one of the largest problems facing America at the moment, and it will only become worse if the country does not come up with a solution. â€Å"According to the American Psychiatric Association, suicide is the third leading cause of death for young people between eleven and eighteen years of age (Teen Suicide).† American families can not keep losing sons and daughters to this entirely preventable epidemic. The largest issue with teen suicide is that Americans are using largely outdatedRe ad MoreTeen Suicide, Depressing Isn t It? If You Only Knew?1158 Words   |  5 PagesTeen Suicide, Depressing Isn’t It? If You Only Knew †¦ According to Merriam-Webster online dictionary, suicide is a noun defined as the act of taking your own life because you do not want to continue living. Teenage is a noun defined as relating to people who are between thirteen and nineteen years old (Merriam-Webster). Several factors can lead to a teenager making the decision to commit suicide. When it does happen or an attempt is made, it can be very difficult to pinpoint the reason(s). TeensRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagesanother man without Clementi’s knowledge, Clementi committed suicide. The actual definition of suicide is â€Å"the action of killing oneself intentionally†. The act of suicide is a serious matter, and is particularly prevalent among teens and young adults. The best way to prevent teen suicide is through informing people of its existence, and educating them on the warning signs and prevention methods. In this essay I will explain why suicide is a major public health problem throug h statistics, show theRead MoreSocial Media Has Taken The World By Storm933 Words   |  4 Pagesinteractions and introduces a world entered using only the touch of a finger. It is estimated that 69% of teens, aged 12 to 18, own their own computer and/or smartphone and 80% of those teens are active on one or more social media sites (Laird, 2012). Thus, a good portion of this generation’s social and emotional development is occurring while engaged on social media. We don’t always know if what teens are accessing are influencing them more positively or negatively, but what we do know is that teenagers

What Do Tattoos And Piercings Affect The Perception That...

What does a professional Medical Assistant wear to work? How about to an interview? And how do tattoos and piercings affect the perception that prospective employers, fellow employees and patients form about an applicant? Manner of dress and personal appearance present a lasting first impression that can counterbalance an outstanding resume, and can make or break the chance to gain employment in the medical field. At Carrington College the dress code includes grey scrubs with the Carrington logo, and closed leather or leather-like shoes. It is a requirement that nails be kept short, with clear polish (if any), and that males with facial hair keep beards and/or mustaches neat and clean. Women’s hair is pulled away from their faces during lab, and jewelry kept to a minimum. A wedding ring is allowed, earrings that do not dangle, and a watch with a second hand is acceptable. The college manual indicates that a student will be sent home for the day if unacceptably dressed. S ome students object and feel strongly that this policy is too strict. There is, however, a reason for the dress code. The ability to adhere to a set of standards for the profession in the classroom carries over into the workplace. Professional attire is essential for appearance as well as student and patient safety. In the book â€Å"Can I Wear My Nose Ring to the Interview?† (Ellen Gordon Reeves, p. xi), the author gives a very succinct answer to the question posed in the title: â€Å"Yes. If you wearShow MoreRelatedTattoos and Body Piercing in the Workforce1414 Words   |  6 PagesTattoos and Body Piercing in the Workforce What canvas holds some of the most creative artwork today? If you guessed the human skin, you would be right. However, about three decades ago, one would only find these types of markings and insignias on what would be considered the â€Å"rough† crowd: bikers, sailors, gang members, and prison inmates. Today; however, tattoos and piercings can be seen on nearly anyone from the age of 15 and up. Not to mention, these body modifications can be found on allRead More2012-Professionalism-in-the-Workplace-Study12792 Words   |  52 Pagesstudy. Despite the apparent generation gap, the majority of both managers and HR respondents feel that the definition of what is professional should not be subject to change. The attitude appears to be that young employees should learn to conform to current standards of professionalism rather than the standards being modified in response to larger societal changes. Differences that do exist between manager and HR respondents are not surprisin g. HR respondents encounter the employee either during theRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesCompany Index 395 Subject Index 398 v Contents PART 1 UNDERSTANDING HRM Chapter 1 The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Learning Outcomes 2 Introduction 4 5 Understanding Cultural Environments 4 The Changing World of Technology What Is a Knowledge Worker? 6 How Technology Affects HRM Practices 6 Recruiting 7 Employee Selection 7 Training and Development 7 Ethics and Employee Rights 7 Motivating Knowledge Workers 7 Paying Employees Market Value 8 Communications 8 Decentralized Work Sites 8 Skill Levels

I Am A Foreign, Learning A Language, And An Argumentative...

Writing has always been my greatest weakness throughout the years that i have been in school. Since I’am a foreign, learning a language was a challenging especially when my native language is completely different than English. Even though my communication skills have been improved dramatically since I have been here in the United States, writing is the only skill that i need to improve. I have signed up to take English 110C for mainly two reason. The first reason is that it is a mandatory course for all incoming freshmen to be eligible to graduate. The second reason is that it will help me improve my writing skills that i will need throughout my college years and the future. Throughout the semester, I have written a plethora of essays such as a rhetorical analysis, comparative review, annotated bibliography, exploratory, and an argumentative essay. Since it is my first time writing these types of essays, I struggled at first trying to figure out how to start the essays; howe ver, our professor assisted us and showed us sample essays that help us write our essays. I’ am very thankful that i managed to take this course because i have learned a numerous of writing skills that will help me throughout my college years. The first paper that i had to write in English 110c is called a Rhetorical Analysis. At first, i had no idea what it was, but i managed to figured it out once I have read about it in the textbook and the help from my professor. The main purpose of a RhetoricalShow MoreRelatedEducator Application Essay982 Words   |  4 Pages I am writing to apply for the position of Educator Preparation of ELL/ESL, Literacy faculty at Wayne State College. I hold a doctor of philosophy degree in Foreign, Second, and Multilingual Language Education (within the TESOL program) with an interdisciplinary specialization in Educational Technology. Moreover, I have experience in teaching diverse learners English in EFL and ESL settings. I am confident that my educational background and teaching experience enable me to make contributionsRead MoreLearning From A Foreign Language991 Words   |  4 Pages Learning to write in a foreign language Life is weird and unexpected. You don’t know what is coming up or what is going through. You don’t know what’s next, but you do have choices, plans and Images of your future. I started reading and writing when I was 4, it was in Arabic and writing in Arabic doesn’t have many rules. So by the age of eight, I was done with learning how to read and write, and started my science studies. I gained some of my skills throughRead MoreAfrican Learners And Native Speakers Essay4581 Words   |  19 Pagesand at the level of larger discourse structure. The present study aims to account the use of discourse connective but in the argumentative essays written by non-native learners of English (NNS) and native speakers of American English (ALOCNESS). The patterns of use by L2 learners are compared with those of native speakers. The study reveals that the argumentative essays of non-native learners of English and American students do not differ significantly regarding the discourse connective but neitherRead MoreEssay on Asian Philosophies of Critical Thinking5513 Words   |  23 PagesCritical Thinking The research question of this extended essay came across at a very early stage in my life. Having been born and developed from a family with all its members being University instructors and professors, I was often involved in arguments related to the lack of critical thinking in Asian cultures. As I got older, having had the chance to emerge in different cultures, I started to develop my own viewpoints and answers. I started to wonder about the truth between the real differencesRead MoreExample Research: Critical Discourse Analysis9514 Words   |  39 Pagesthus want to understand, expose, and ultimately resist social inequality. Some of the tenets of CDA can already be found in the critical theory of the Frankfurt School before the Second World War (Agger 1992b; Rasmussen 1996). Its current focus on language and discourse was initiated with the critical linguistics that emerged (mostly in the UK and Australia) at the end of the 1970s (Fowler et al. 1979; see also Mey 1985). CDA has also counterparts in critical developments in sociolinguistics, psychologyRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is a great deal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University TheseRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesindex. ISBN 978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4Read MoreTop 1 Cause for Project Failure65023 Words   |  261 Pagesfrom your own experience that you think is the most recurring reason for project failure. Looking forward to sharing learning. [Mathew@PM4K] @ http://www.anishmathaimathew.blogspot.com Karl Kerr Project Planner at Knorr-Bremse Rail Systems UK Limited Anish, Wow a great question and one that should generate plenty of feedback! I have worked on many projects in my time in the following sectors: Nuclear, Public Sector, Rail Telecommunications. Read MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesmake the manuscript available, I have therefore joined together the fragments of the electronic manuscript and converted all the diacritics to a single system. I hope I have done this consistently, but errors may still remain. Where something was mistyped from the ms. the global conversion occasionally produced eccentric results. I have checked this as far as possible against the photocopy, but some inconsistencies between photocopy and electronic file may remain. I have also corrected other obviousRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual

I am One of You Forever Essay Example For Students

I am One of You Forever Essay Luden SorrellsWhat is it about the smell of whisky that soothes a mans soul? Recently I went to visit my family, the Roberts, in the mountains of North Carolina. The first thing I did when I stepped out of the car was try and smell that glorious aroma. My name is Luden Sorrells. Better known back home as Uncle Luden. I have what some might call a monarch reputation as a drinking man. I moved away from home at the age of sixteen and headed toward California on my motorcycle. Although Ive been there for years, the scenery just doesnt compare to my hometown. I find myself missing home oftentimes but, living with a controlling mother wasnt always that easy. Once settling in California I became a bit of a ladys man, but it got me in trouble every now and then. My life is full of adventures and unfortunately alcohol tends to be a part of them. I know that it hurts my mother to see me struggling with alcohol. While at home visiting I stayed out drinking some good ole whisky one night. At the time it was fun, but when I got back to the Roberts house I wasnt feeling so good about it. So I set up my dolls in a line of twelve and shot each one. After shooting them I recited the twelve steps from alcoholics anonymous. The whole time my momma was watching from the porch. I felt just awful that I had made her cry and I apologized to her for being drunk again. She was understanding, but she wasnt always so easy to get along with. When I was a boy, she was a little controlling at times. She ran the farm and had me working it for her. I never liked the farm life much. That is why I took off the first chance I got to California. I got a real job making cash money. Every once in awhile I would send a check out to my momma. I felt bad for leaving her behind on the farm. I thought I might be able to help in some way, even though I wasnt there. When I moved out to California is when my drinking started becoming more and more of a problem. I started meeting all these beautiful ladies. Most of them had boyfriends or husbands, but it didnt really bother me all that much. Cora, my sister, had to come help me out on occasion. Between all the ladies and the alcohol, I got in over my head. I was thankful for my sisters help. I ended up having three wives. As much as I love women, they aint nothing but trouble. A man would have to drink a little whiskey to deal with them. No matter what I do or where I go they can smell me coming. My brother-in-law, Joe Roberts, says that I must give off some sort of musk-odor that menfolks cant smell. It was good to go home and visit my family. California is great but I missed being home sometimes. They have mountains in California, but not like the ones in North Carolina. It just wasnt the same. Theres nothing like eating fried chicken and rhubarb pie on top of Ember Mountain. While at home, in the Appalachians, I took my family on a picnic to that very place. Cora fixed up all kinds of good stuff to eat and I brought along a bottle of wine from Sonoma. I even let my nephew Jess have a sip. He seemed to have enjoyed it.

Analyzing the Responsibility of the Attack on Pearl Harbor essays

Analyzing the Responsibility of the Attack on Pearl Harbor essays Analyzing the Responsibility for the Attack on Pearl Harbor Americans were greatly surprised by the Japanese attack on the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor. The attack occurred during a time when most Americans held to a particularly strong Isolationist view. Most Americans believed that it was in the best interest of the United States to stay as removed as possible from the international conflict. Americans thought that by staying uninvolved, the United States would keep away from the conflict that engulfed a great part of the world. This unfortunate belief led to a false sense of security that left Americans shocked and unprepared for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The fact that Americans did not expect such an attack caused them to be totally unprepared for one. The United States armed forces at the time were completely unprepared. Congress had not appropriated enough money to prepare the military adequately. This lack of funds caused the United States Pacific Fleet to be weak and susceptible. The United States military intelligence was at worst inadequate and not capable of predicting the attack and at best irresponsible for not making sure that information that could have saved the Pacific Fleet ever reached its military commanders. A nation cannot depend on the head of its government to coordinate all areas of political and military command. This must be undertaken by a number or responsible people with expertise in different areas. Military intelligence and command, diplomatic measures and legislation must all be coordinated in preparation for the possibility of conflict. The lack of this coordination led to a number of causes for the events at the attack at Pearl Harbor and the loss of American lives that occurred. The blame for the attack on Pearl Harbor rests with both the leaders of government in Washington and the military leaders who commanded the naval base. This respon ...

Currencies of Spanish-Speaking Countries

Currencies of Spanish-Speaking Countries Here are the currencies used in countries where Spanish is the official language. In Latin American countries where the dollar symbol ($) is used, it is common to use the abbreviation M.N. (moneda nacional) to distinguish the national currency from the U.S. dollar in situations where the context doesnt make clear which currency is meant, as in tourist areas. Spanish-Speaking Countries Currencies Argentina: The main unit of currency is the Argentine peso, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: $. Bolivia: The main unit of currency in Bolivia is the boliviano, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: Bs. Chile: The main unit of currency is the Chilean peso, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: $. Colombia: The main unit of currency is the Colombian peso, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: $. Costa Rica: The main unit of currency is the colà ³n, divided into 100 cà ©ntimos. Symbol: â‚ ¡. (This symbol may not display properly on all devices. It looks similar to the U.S. cent symbol,  ¢, except with two diagonal slashes instead of one.) Cuba: Cuba uses two currencies, the peso cubano and the peso cubano convertible. The first is primarily for everyday use by Cubans; the other, worth considerably more (fixed for many years at $1 U.S.), is used primarily for luxury and imported items and by tourists. Both types of pesos are divided into 100 centavos. Both also are symbolized by the $ symbol; when necessary to distinguish between the currencies, the symbol CUC$ is often used for the convertible peso, while the peso used by ordinary Cubans is CUP$. Dominican Republic (la Repà ºblica Dominicana): The main unit of currency is the Dominican peso, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: $. Ecuador: Ecuador uses U.S. dollars as its official currency, referring to them as dà ³lares, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: $. Ecuatorial Guinea (Guinea Ecuatorial): The main unit of currency is the Central African franco (franc), divided into 100 cà ©ntimos. Symbol: CFAfr. El Salvador: El Salvador uses U.S. dollars as its official currency, referring to them as dà ³lares, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: $. Guatemala: The main unit of currency in Guatemala is the quetzal, divided into 100 centavos. Foreign currencies, particularly the U.S. dollar, are also recognized as legal tender. Symbol: Q. Honduras: The main unit of currency in Honduras is the lempira, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: L. Mexico (Mà ©xico): The main unit of currency is the Mexican peso, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: $. Nicaragua: The main unit of currency is the cà ³rdoba, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: C$. Panama (Panam): Panama uses U.S. dollars as official currency, referring to them as balboas, divided into 100 centà ©simos. Symbol: B/. Paraguay: The main unit of currency in Paraguay is the guaranà ­ (plural guaranà ­es), divided into 100 cà ©ntimos. Symbol: G. Peru (Perà º): The main unit of currency is the nuevo sol (meaning new sun), usually referred to simply as the sol. It is divided into 100 cà ©ntimos. Symbol: S/. Spain (Espaà ±a): Spain, as a member of the European Union, uses the euro, divided into 100 cents or cà ©ntimos. It can be freely be used in most of Europe other than the United Kingdom.  Symbol: â‚ ¬. Uruguay: The main unit of currency is Uruguayan peso, divided into 100 centà ©simos. Symbol: $. Venezuela: The main unit of currency in Venezuela is the bolà ­var, divided into 100 cà ©ntimos. Symbol: Bs or BsF (for bolà ­var fuerte). Common Spanish Words Related to Money Paper money is known in general as papel moneda, while paper bills are called billetes. Coins are known as monedas. Credit and debit cards are known as tarjetas de crà ©dito and tarjetas de dà ©bito, respectively. A sign that says sà ³lo en efectivo indicates that the establishment accepts only physical money, not debit or credit cards. There are several uses for cambio, which refers to change (not just the monetary kind).  Cambio  by itself is used to refer to the change from a transaction. The exchange rate is either the tasa de cambio or tipo de cambio. A place where money is exchanged can be called a casa de cambio. Counterfeit money is known as dinero falso  or dinero falsificado.   There are numerous slang or colloquial terms for money, many of the specific to a country or region. Among the more widespread slang terms (and their literal meanings) are plata (silver), lana (wool), guita (twine), pasta (pasta), and pisto (vegetable hash). A check (as from a checking account) is a cheque, while a money order is a giro postal. An account (as in a bank) is a cuenta, a word that  also can be used for the bill given to a restaurant customer after a meal is served.

Writer's choose Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Writer's choose - Research Paper Example Many archaeologists, towards the end of the 1980s, explained that the political organization of the city was structured in a "multepal" system where political ruling was through the council made up of members of ruling lineages. In terms of economy, Chichen Itza was a major player; this is because it was a major regional capital controlling trade in Yucatan in the period AD 900 and AD 1050, with Isla Cerritos as a major trading port. The city also participated in the circum-peninsular trade via its Isla Cerritos port; thus it obtained resources from distant lands; for example, obsidian was obtained from Central Mexico, and gold was obtained from the Southern Central America (Schele and David 13). The initial site core layout of the Chichen Itza developed during the period 750 AD and 900 AD; final layout was implemented after the year 900 AD, and in the 10th Century the city became a regional trade capital, controlling trade area between the North coast and Central Yucatan and its trade power spreading to the peninsula east and west coasts. Chichen Itza prominence rose at around 600 AD; however the site became a regional power at the later stages of the Late Classic period, and initial stages of Terminal Classic period. The site controlled and dominated socio-political and economic aspects in Maya lowlands in the North (Castaà ±eda 298). The rise of Chichen Itza relates with the decline of major centers in the lowlands of Southern Maya. Archaeological data shows that Chichen Itza influence reduced considerably as from 1250 CE; Mayan chronicles indicate that in the 13th century, ruler of Mayapan (Hunac Ceel) conquered the city, Chichen Itza. In the year 1526, a charter was gr anted by the King of Spain to Francisco de Montejo so as conquer Yucatan.Montejo led alarge Indo-Spanish army which concoured the Yucatan Peninsula. The Spanish King thereafter gave a land grant and by 1588,

Personal Obsession in The Emperors Babe and Purple Hibiscus Essay

Personal Obsession in The Emperors Babe and Purple Hibiscus - Essay Example Even before they reach adulthood they go through enormous upheavals in their lives. Moreover, their stories fit into a colonial discourse with attendant features of cultural displacement, social alienation and economic exploitation. There is yet another interesting similarity between the two heroines, namely, their personal obsessions. But the objects of their obsessions are not the same. Likewise, secondary characters in the two stories have obsessions of their own. This essay endeavors to show how there are a range of psychological dispositions among various characters which account for their obsessions and how the authors’ own obsessions bear upon them. The Emperor’s Babe is a fresh and vivid verse narrative of a young woman in Ancient Rome. Born into poverty and slavery, she is married off (or rather sold off) when she was merely eleven to a wealthy patrician a few times her age. Despite constraints to her liberty and growth from all sides, Zuleika yet manages to as sert her individuality. It is perhaps due to these powerful extraneous forces acting on her life that she sought refuge in an inner sanctum. This clinging manifests as obsessions of various sorts. For one, her insecurities made her a little aggressive towards others. Aggression expressed regularly betrays an underlying obsession with insecurity. This aggression is also manifest in her sexual behavior, whereby, her attractiveness and youth serves as a source of empowerment over men. As the short and eventful life of the adolescent girl unfolds through Evaristo’s lyrical prose, more dimensions to her heroine’s obsessions are unraveled. Zuleika’s father Anlamani is obsessed with his own position in society. He sees an opportunity to climb up the social ladder by marrying his beautiful daughter to a person of prestige. The person he has in mind is Mr. Felix, a wealthy aristocrat of the Roman Empire. He is quite older to Zuleika (who was just 11 at the time of being betrothed). Anlamani resorts to a menially worded marriage offer to Mr. Felix. For example, he says, "Si, Mr. Felix. Zuleika very obediens girl, sir. / No problemata, she make very optima wife, sir." (Evaristo, p.27) This pitch from Anlamani makes it clear that his daughter’s well being is secondary compared to his own selfish motive. Likewise, Felix is a man with his own obsessions. In his case he is obsessed with power. Having a pretty young wife would add to his prestige. He can show her off in his social circles as a trophy wife. That he is obsessed with power and prestige is evident in his response to Anlamani’s offer of marriage: â€Å"I intend to make this my far-western base/ and I need to warm my home with a wife./ I am a man of multiple interests: a senator,/ military man, businessman, I undertake/ trading missions for the government,/ and I'm a landowner.† (Evaristo, p.29) Kambili is obsessed over her relationship with Father Amadi. She falls in love with him. Although the Father also loves her, he could not consummate his love due to his commitments to Church and community. Her love is expressed overtly and covertly on a few occasions. As Zambilii says wittily â€Å"People have crushes on priests all the time, you know. It’s exciting to have to deal with God as a rival.†Ã‚  (Adichie, p.89) However, Kambili’s obsessive love for Father Amadi pales in comparison to the religious obsession of her own father Eugene. Kambili’s father, Papa as she calls him, is very possessive of his son and daughter. He imposes his authority on them to even the smallest detail. In other words he is obsessive of his son and daughter to the extent of being a control freak. For example, â€Å"Papa sat down at the table and poured his tea from the china tea set with pink flowers on

How Benna in Anagrams Creates Her Own Reality Essay Example for Free

How Benna in Anagrams Creates Her Own Reality Essay In the novel Anagrams by Lorrie Moore the main character Benna bounces back between reality and the reality she creates. At times is hard to tell what’s what. Benna is a widow that lives alone and has an on and off relation with Gerard. She has also created an imaginary friend Eleanor and a daughter Gorgianne. When she is talking to the people she created it is hard to tell that their not really there. Bouncing back between created reality and what’s actually going on is at times hard to follow. This false reality she created plays a big role in â€Å"The Nun of That†. Benna creates her own reality in a few different ways. She imagines a daughter and a friend that she has full conversations with. The daughter she creates name is Gorgianne. She was named after Benna’s husband George that committed suicide. â€Å"Georgie has dinner and a bath, and Mrs. Kimball comes over and I say good night and drive over to Gerard’s apartment. † (Moore 118). This quote shows that Benna treats Gorgianne as a real daughter. Benna gave her dinner, and a bath; she even hired a baby sitter. Now if these things actually happened there is no evidence. With Benna talking like it’s actually happens it makes it hard to tell that her daughter is imaginary. â€Å"She holds up a little soap chunk she has broken off the bar. She is crying. â€Å"I put it up my nose,† she sobs. â€Å"I wanted to be all clean for tomorrow for school but now it won’t come out. † (Moore 74). This is another example of how Benna creates her own reality. She goes in complete detail of how and why the soap is stuck in Georgianne’s nose. Now clearly this did not happen because she in not real but the next day in class Benna tells them that was the reason she did not momorize there names. Eleanor is Benna’s imaginary friend. She is another example of how Benna creates a false reality. â€Å"Eleanor puts her pen down, all histrionics, and gazes out the lounge window, at the parking lotand the one tree. â€Å" You know, I just hate it when I lose my composer,† she says. † (Moore 65). Here Benna and Eleanor are grading tests I the lounge at FVCC. His is clearly one of Benna’s fabricated realities. Benna talks with Eleanor quite often. Their conversations are just like any other friends would have. This makes it hard to tell that Eleanor is not really there and just imaginary. There are a few reasons that Benna has this false reality. One reason is that she could be lonely. She makes up her daughter and friend so she doesn’t have to be alone. After her husband she had no one to live with so she probably thought she could imagine someone. Another reason could be that Benna always wanted to have a kid. Benna at times mentions that she would like to have a family, so she imagined that she had a daughter to have one. Also Benna could have imagined Eleanor just as someone to talk to and as a part of a life that she would have wanted to live with a friend like that and a daughter as well. Benna, the main character in the novel Anagrams, by Lorrie Moore goes back and fourth between reality and a reality she creates. She imagined a friend and a daughter. They have full on conversations with each other like they are actually there. At times her reality seems so real that it is hard to tell apart from what is actually going on. This makes it hard to tell what is actually being said and at times if the Imagined people are actually imagined. The main reason Benna creates this false reality is because he is lonely and wants people to spend time with and talk to. Moore, Lorrie. Anagrams: A Novel. New York: Knopf, 1986. Print.

Jonathan Kozols Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools Ess

Jonathan Kozol's Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools In this detailed and shocking book, Jonathan Kozol describes the horrific and unjust conditions in which many children in today’s society are forced to get their education. Kozol discusses three major reasons for the discrepancies in America’s schools today: disparities of property taxes, racism, and the conflict between state and local control. The first of these reasons is that of the differences of available property tax revenues. Kozol discusses the inconsistencies in property tax revenues and the problem that the poorer districts aren’t getting the same opportunities for education as the more affluent neighborhoods. He says the reason for this is that the poorer districts don’t receive as much money as the affluent districts because their property isn’t worth as much, therefore they get less money in return. Therefore, if they demand more money for the school systems, they end up taxing themselves more money. Kozol uses shocking statistic s to get the reader’s attention. For instance, a classroom in Chicago â€Å"received approximately $90,000 less each year than would have been spent on them if they were pupils of a school such as New Trier High† (54). Kozol also discusses a solution for this problem, the Foundation Program, which is meant to set a standard of basic or minimum education for the less fortunate neighborhoods. Although this program seems to work on the surface, it makes a bigger gap between the rich and poor districts. Using descriptive details and scenarios, he informs the reader of the awful conditions these children attend school in. For example, he tells about a conversation with a little boy whose sister was raped and murdered, but the child cannot recall if this took place last week or last year. These children suffer many health problems, including terrible pain in their teeth from bad dental health. They are also subjected to dreadful amounts of sewage in their schools and in their backyards, contaminating the water and the soil. Kozol then describes the more affluent schools and the wonderful opportunities they are given. He contrasts the poor and rich schools to show the reader just how terrible these conditions are. He attempts to make the reader angry and succeeds many times. One other way by which he attempts to irritate the reader i... ...computers are nice to have, but are not essential in the learning process. Also, Kozol, in his racism argument, forgets that there is a chance the inequalities in education might not be so much racial segregation, but affluence segregation. True, a large percentage of the poor districts are black and Hispanic, but this is due to society itself, not necessarily the school systems. Kozol sometimes seems to be reaching for an argument just for the sake of having one. On the other hand, a large portion of what Kozol says is well supported and highly effective. He is a very passionate writer and does a wonderful job of stating the facts, not just his side of the story. He uses conversations with the children and teachers to get the reader’s attention and make the reader understand that these are real people these things are happening to, not just numbers. Kozol is a very persuasive writer, with brilliant ideas and down-to-earth opinions. He doesn’t want his readers to be hateful towards the public school systems; he wants us to know the truth. Works Cited: Jonathan Kozol. Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools. New York, Harper Collins, 1991. 262 pp.

Homoscocial and Homoerotiscism in Shakespeare

Consider the relationship between homosocial and homoerotic in William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice and A Twelfth Night. â€Å"To talk of an Individual in this period as being or not being a ‘homosexual’ is an anachronism and ruinously misleading† (Bray, 1982, pg. 16) Before a solid argument can commence the reader has to first distinguish a number of key points of view, and more over understand them. The problem with such arguments is of course the hurdle between contemporary opinions and renaissance beliefs. The majority of modern reader/audiences have an understanding of homosexuality, or it in some way has been visible to them.This leads to the problem of a modern audience assuming a character is a homosexual based on modern presumptions. However what would be regarded as gay in today’s society may not have during the renaissance. Another issue that must be raised when considering this essay is the difference between ‘homosocialâ₠¬â„¢ and ‘homoerotic’. Homosocial is defined by a relationship of a non-sexual or romantic nature between two or more members of the same sex. Homoerotic is defined as sexual attraction between members of the same-sex.There for it is imperative the reader stay objective when considering the notions of homosocial and homoerotic behaviour. The reader must also try to remember the contextual factors in which it was written and the audience/readers estimations. The first relationship this essay will focus on is the one between Antonio and Bassanio from William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. These two share a very strong friendship, so much so that Antonio offers to lend Bassanio a very large sum of money. Antonio being a wealthy merchant however does not have the cash upfront as it is tied up in his merchandise off shore.He thus decides to go to a Jewish money lender called Shylock and offers his property as guarantee for the loan. Shylock has been spurned by the Venetian citizens on numerous occasions and quite frequently retells these cruelties. As a result instead of the property he decides he would rather have a pound of flesh from Antonio. Shylock -â€Å"In such a place, such sum or sums as are/Express'd in the condition, let the forfeit/Be nominated for an equal pound/Of your fair flesh, to be cut off and taken/In what part of your body pleaseth me. (Act 1, scene 3) Antonio – â€Å"Content, i' faith: I'll seal to such a bond/And say there is much kindness in the Jew† (Act 1, scene 3) In this exchange between Antonio and Shylock, we are exposed to the great lengths in which Antonio will go to make his friend and confidant Bassanio happy. He is willing to offer his life as insurance. This speaks magnitudes for the â€Å"love† these two share, and if you take the image of the flesh it could be said that the friends’ fates are now tied to one flesh. Then the man (Adam) said, â€Å"This at last is bone of m y bones and flesh of my flesh†¦ † Therefore a man leaves his father and his mother and cleaves to his wife, and they become one flesh. † (Genesis 2:23-25) To consider this image as a representation of marriage, this steers the reader/audience to believe that Antonio possibly loves Bassanio more than a friend. It could be implied that there is a romantic connection between the pair and thus that their relationship is homoerotic rather than homosocial.This is especially reinforced by the earlier scenes of the play where Antonio is displayed as a largely melancholic character. Antonio knows bassanio is in want of a wife; his depression could perhaps be originated from jealousy. On the other hand it could be argued that Antonio is just upset, because he is now going to be spending less time with Bassanio. One of the main problems with trying to define the relationship between Antonio and Bassanio, is how often their relationship has switches between homoerotic and homos ocial undertones.Generally it depends on how the reader takes their exchanges, for example Antonio’s melancholy at the beginning of the play could be attributed to his jealousy of Bassanio’s want for a wife, or it could be his worry about the friendship in which the two share. Antonio – â€Å"And such want-wit sadness makes of me, / that I have much ado to know myself. † The problem would appear judging by Antonio’s description of his sadness that, he is worried about himself. Both Antonio and Bassanio share very close relationships in which both men have grown together their characters are defined by each other.Bassanio seems to have matured to a point where his life needs more than companionship and wishes to get married; Antonio on the other hand is not ready for this change and as result has to do some soul searching. It is Antonio’s dismay at this rather than a romantic connection which causes the assumption that their relationship is h omosocial rather than homoerotic. When Antonio offers to give shylock a pound of flesh if he defaults on his loan Antonio expects to have the money rather easily so it’s a rather empty gesture suggesting a homosocial relationship.However when he does default on the loan Antonio professes to Bassanio. Antonio – â€Å"Say how I loved you, speak me fair in death / And when the tale is told, bid her be judge /Whether Bassanio had not once a love† Antonio is still willing to sacrifice his life for Bassanio and once again professes his love for his friend again suggesting a romantic relationship. The language which Antonio and Bassanio use when talking to or describing each other for a modern audience coxes them to believe them as being homosexual.However the cultural differences between contemporary audience’s and renaissance audiences allow for a different interpretation. Bassanio – â€Å"To you, Antonio, /I owe the most, in money and in love, / And f rom your love I have a warranty/To unburden all my plots and purposes† (Act1, scene1) For a modern audience if a man says to another man he loves him or talks of the love they share, it would be a safe assumption to label them homosexual or at least expect some type of romantic connection. However if you substitute â€Å"love† from this extract for friendship it reads more or less the same and makes perfect sense.This is a difference in language, in Shakespeare’s time â€Å"love† would be used to describe friendship on a regular basis. The relations between men during the 16th century were very different from they are today, for example it would not thought suspicious if two men were to spend large amounts of time together or even share the same bed. In general terms it would be very difficult to discern a homosexual relationship from companionship during Shakespeare’s time. The reintroduction of the sodomy act in 1565 meant sodomy was now a capital crime and anyone caught being homosexual was punishable by death.Homosexuality its self was not even invented or at least the term was not so sodomy was used to describe this act. Interestingly enough there are no occasions where a person has been arrested or hung for sodomy alone. It would seem that same sex relations were generally frowned upon but normally ignored. It seems it only became an issue when it threatened social order, the passive male would also be prosecuted more harshly than aggressive male which was perceived by the authorities as a surrendering of his â€Å"natural† masculine role in favour of a subordinate feminine one.As mentioned above during the renaissance period there was a large emphasis on the relationships between men. The thought that a man could find an equal, not in his wife but in a male friend and that bond be stronger than the one capable between men and women. This is true of Shakespeare’s plays also he uses sexuality to define his c haracters. The platter of sexual ambiguity in â€Å"Twelfth night† we are introduced to homosocial relationships as well as homoerotic and bisexual tangents.The relationship between Antonio and Sebastian is very suspect. The first we see of Antonio and Sebastian is in Act 2 scene 1 where Sebastian is wanting to leave for Count Orsino’s court in Illyria but Antonio has enemies there. Despite the dangers to Antonio he seems adamant to accompany Sebastian, however Sebastian states on more than one occasion he wishes for Antonio to stay. Antonio – â€Å"Will you stay no longer? nor will you not that I go with you? † Sebastian – â€Å"By your patience, no.My stars shine darkly over/me: the malignancy of my fate might perhaps /distemper yours; therefore I shall crave of you your /leave that I may bear my evils alone: it were a bad /recompense for your love, to lay any of them on you. † Antonio – â€Å"Let me yet know of you whither you are bound. † (Act 2, Scene 1) As mentioned before â€Å"love† is often used within Shakespeare’s language as a substitute for friendship. However the exchanges between Sebastian and Antonio clearly signify something different, Antonio’s desperation to accompany his â€Å"friend† leads the reader and audience to assume there is a romantic connection.The fear of danger is outweighed by Antonio’s love for Sebastian and thus he decides to travel to Illyria. The homoeroticism between the two men is clearly evident and is spelt out in laymen’s terms when later in the same scene Antonio says: Antonio – â€Å"If you will not murder me for my love, let me be your servant† â€Å"But come what may, I do adore thee so/That danger shall seem sport, and I will go† (Act 2, Scene1) Antonio here also admits his love, sexual desire and submissiveness to Sebastian.Joseph Pequigney describes Antonio’s sexuality in his book such is My Love: A Study of Shakespeare sonnets as: â€Å"The reason for Antonio’s portrayal as homosexual is that a liaison with him opens space for Sebastian in the diverse bisexual fictions that make up the Twelfth Night† (Pequigney, 1985, pg 203) Antonio has clear homoerotic feelings for Sebastian and paints a very clear image of his sexual urges. Compared to Antonio from The Merchant of Venice, whose desire was born from friendship and homosocial. Shakespeare seems to have stepped up on the sexual commentary and made it far more obvious.The progression of Sebastian and Antonio’s â€Å"love† is finalised in act 3 scene 3, the audience sees Antonio make several comments regarding his desire for his lover. His love is best displayed by his speech to Sebastian: Antonio –â€Å"My desire, / More sharp than filed steel, did spur me forth, / And not all love to see you / But jealousy what might befall your travel† (Act 3, scene3) His passion, desire a nd lust for Sebastian again clearly visible, later in the scene a discussion of sleeping arrangements leads to a very brave piece of stage writing where Shakespeare clearly refers to the Antonio and Sebastian having sex.Antonio – â€Å"There shall you have me,† (Act 3, scene3) Very plain and provocative and suggestive writing by Shakespeare, Pequigney as mentioned above declares that Antonio is depicted as quite openly flamboyant homosexual is so Sebastian can part take in the bisexual theme of the play: â€Å"While he remains heterosexually virginal, he is unlike the virgins Viola and Olivia or Orsino in that he entertains homosexual impulses that are fully conscious and indulged.Antonio awakens those impulses, initiates him into interpersonal sexuality, and perhaps thereby prepares him to receive the sudden, surprising advances of the Illyrian lady† (Pequigney, 209-10). Pequigney’s opinions identify the relationship between Antonio and Sebastian as clea rly homoerotic and indeed homosexual/bisexual. Shakespeare leaves little room for speculation regarding this pair of lovers/friends the nature of their relationship would be clear to an audience of the renaissance and to a contemporary audience. The bisexual subplot in A twelfth Night is continued by the relationship between Orsino and Cesario (Viola).Orsino and Cesario share a similar relationship to Antonio and Sebastian however there are a number of major differences. Cesario is of course a woman disguised as a man. During the exchanges between them we see Orsino refer to Cesario as a man but then juxtapose these with images of a pretrachal sonnet referring to Viola/Cesarios beauty, soft voice and femininity. So essentially the relationship between them both is homoerotic. As there is a clear sexual attraction to each other. To a modern audience who has knowledge of psychology and a broader understanding f gay society will understand Sigmund Freud’s opinion on sexuality wh ich I feel helps explain the attraction between Orsino and Cesario. â€Å"A large proportion of homosexuals retain the mental quality of masculinity†¦and that what they look for in their real sexual object are in fact feminine mental traits. † (Freud, 1905) While Freud’s view helps us understand Orsino’s attraction to Cesario it is still difficult for an audience/reader to catalogue which sexuality Orsino belongs. Essentially the text suggests he is bi curious, Orsino in love with Cesario suggests a homosocial relationship perhaps with erotic undertones.However his love remains unconsummated until viola revels herself as a woman and thus their marriage is possible. However Penquigney states: â€Å"The love for Cesario could not have changed instantaneously with the revelation of his femaleness; if it is erotic then it would have been erotic before; what does change is that marriage suddenly becomes possible, and hence the immediate proposal† (Pequign ey, 207). If in agreement with Pequigney it would suggest that the relationship between Cesario/Viola and Orsino has always been homoerotic it was only the constraints of society that prohibited Orsino from the actual act of love.For a Shakespearian audience this must have been a difficult sub-plot to follow as of course women were not permitted to act. There for those audiences would be watching a small boy/young man, play a woman, which was disguised as a man. So their reactions to the performances of A Twelfth Night would be different for modern audiences. In conclusion Shakespeare manages to create a multitude of relationships within the plays The Merchant of Venice and A Twelfth Night. He crosses the lines between homosocial and homoerotic on a number of occasions.The juxtaposition of quite blatant homoerotic with seemingly homosocial relations keep the audience in a state of uncertainty where by sexuality, love and friendship are clouded. The differences that arise between a m odern or renaissance audiences/ readers result in a modern audience being quicker to judge the relationships as homoerotic. By keeping your mind free of modern social conventions we can gain a better understanding of the world of sexuality that Shakespeare was trying to convey.Bibliography The Merchant of Venice –William Shakespeare the Cambridge university printing press published 1953 The Shakespearian Stage 1574-1642 3rd edition Andrew Gurr Twelfth Night the Macmillan Shakespeare 1972 Such Is My Love: A Study of Shakespeare*s Sonnets. By Joseph. Pequigney. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985 The sexual aberrations S Freud – The Material Queer: A Lesbigay Cultural Studies †¦, 1996 – West view Press The New International Version The Holy Bible Homoerotic space: the poetics of loss in Renaissance literature By Stephen Guy-Bray 1982 University of Toronto press http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sodomy http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_histor y

The Theory Of Anger And Its Effects On The Individual s...

Sell et al. (2009) address the relationship of anger to the ability to inflict costs and confer benefits during negotiation through bargaining. This is assessed within the recalibrational theory of anger which theorises there is an evolutionarily derived anger system that is used in bargaining to gain favourable outcomes by incentivising others to re-assess the worth they place on the angry individual’s welfare. Welfare Trade Ratios (WTRs) compute how much worth is placed on the welfare of another compared to the self within the recalibrational theory. Anger works to gain the highest cost-effective WTR from others depending on bargaining position that is derived from an individual’s ability to inflict cost (through aggression) and†¦show more content†¦Therefore, anger is more effective in negotiation for stronger and more attractive persons. The authors made these variables operational by proposing that: A. for men upper-body strength predicts ability to inflict cost through aggression B. for women attractiveness is used as an advantage in bargaining and would predict ability to confer benefit They consequently predict that: A. stronger men and more attractive women will have an advantage in bargaining (ability to inflict cost/confer benefit), therefore succeed in conflicts more often, feel entitled to better treatment and be more prone to anger. B. Stronger men should have a history of fighting and endorse violence as a resolution to personal and international conflict. Correlation and regression analyses assessed relationships between self-report and upper-body strength measures. Men’s physical strength was measured using: A. Lifting strength assessed using weight lifting machines (study 1) B. Portable handgrip measures and cumulative scores of flexed bicep circumference, self and other perceived strength (based on rating photographs) (study 2) The sample from study 1 was recruited from a gym. This sample may have atypical features so the student population was sampled in study 2. Participants in both studies completed self-report scales assessing anger-proneness, fighting history, rumination, belief in the utility